rise in the price of the substitute

fall in the price of the commodity

rise in the income of the consumer

rise in the price of the commodity

deficit budget

reduction in taxation

contraction in volume of money or credit that results in a decline of price level

increase in public expenditure

interest rate charged by moneylenders

interest rate charged by scheduled banks

rate of profit of the banking institution

the official rate of interest charged by the central bank of the country

Reserve Bank of India

Planning Commission

Ministry of Finance

Central Statistical Organization

the total output of goods and services produced by the country’s economy

the total domestic and foreign output claimed by residents of the country

the sum of gross domestic product and investment

national income minus national expenditure